Periodontitis: Stages, Symptoms and Treatment Approaches

Periodontitis is inflammation of the gums, jawbone and the ligaments holding the tooth in place. It develops from untreated gingivitis. If detected late, it can cause tooth loss.

Stages of periodontitis

• Mild: periodontal pockets 3–4 mm, bleeding, mild swelling. Minimal bone loss.
• Moderate: pockets 4–6 mm, gum recession, tooth sensitivity, halitosis.
• Severe: pockets over 6 mm, tooth mobility, visible bone loss on X-ray.

Warning symptoms

• Bleeding gums when brushing
• Red, swollen gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Gums receding from teeth
• Tooth mobility

Diagnosis

A periodontal probe measures pocket depth; X-rays assess bone level. Complex cases may require 3D CBCT.

Treatment stages

1. Professional tartar removal (ultrasonic + AirFlow)
2. Subgingival cleaning (SRP — scaling and root planing)
3. Severe cases — microsurgery, guided regeneration, bone grafting
4. Maintenance therapy: hygiene every 3–4 months

Periodontitis cannot be fully cured, but it can be fully managed. Early diagnosis is the key to saving teeth.

Read more

• Gingivitis — the start of periodontitis
• Tartar removal

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