Tooth sensitivity is a short, sharp reaction to cold, hot, sweet or acidic foods. The pain usually stops as soon as the stimulus is removed. Depending on the cause, approaches range from at-home care to professional treatment.
Main causes
- Enamel wear — acidic drinks, hard brushing
- Gum recession — exposed root
- Caries — damage reaching dentin
- Cracks or old fillings
- Bruxism — worn teeth
- Temporary sensitivity after whitening
Home measures
- Sensitivity toothpaste (potassium nitrate or strontium chloride) — 2-week course
- Soft brush, circular motions
- Fluoride mouthwash
- Limit acidic drinks (lemonade, wine, sparkling water)
- Wait 30 minutes after acidic food before brushing
- Rinse with warm water (avoid cold and hot)
What NOT to do
- Don't use hard brushes or abrasive whitening pastes
- Don't rub paste into the tooth vigorously — enamel wear
- Don't try "natural" whitening with baking soda or charcoal
When to see a dentist
- Sensitivity lasts more than 2 weeks
- Sharp pain continues after the stimulus is gone (pulpitis sign)
- Localized pain in a specific tooth
- Visible gum recession
Professional treatments
Fluoride varnish, dentin bonding agents, laser desensitization, aesthetic restoration for exposed roots, and root canal treatment in severe cases.
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